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《百炼成钢:中国共产党的100年》第三十七集 攀枝花开

作者:武汉党史网管理员 发布时间:2021-05-08 来源:本站原创

“这是我们当时冶金部工作组唯一的一张合影,当时实验组的人员大部分都是25到30岁,现在都是80、90岁了,我是这个,当时我只有25岁。”

画面中的老人叫李身钊,他口中的“冶金部工作组”是1964年,由全国各地的冶金技术骨干紧急组建的临时实验组。当时,他们正在秘密研发一项冶炼技术,这项技术将应用于远在四川大山深处的一项机密工程。

这个最初连研发人员都不知道的地方究竟在哪里?那个机密工程又是什么呢?

四川省攀枝花市,坐落在这里的攀钢集团,就是当年的那个机密工程,它是三线建设的重点工程之一。

1964年五六月间,毛泽东从经济建设和国防建设的战略布局考虑,将全国划分为一、二、三线,提出三线建设问题。

所谓三线,是按地区划分的。一线是东北及沿海各省市,三线是指云、贵、川、陕、甘、宁、青、豫、鄂、湘等11省区,其中西南的云、贵、川和西北的陕、甘、宁、青俗称大三线。二线是指一、三线之间的中间地区;一、二线地区各自的腹地又俗称小三线。

毛泽东在中央工作会议上说,我们不是帝国主义的参谋长,不晓得它什么时候要打仗。我们把三线的钢铁、国防、机械、化工、石油、铁路基地都搞起来,那时打起仗来就不怕了。

据不完全统计,1964年下半年至1965年,在西南、西北三线部署的新建、扩建和续建大中型项目有300多个。在当年的诸多三线建设项目中,毛泽东考虑的重点在四川,而金沙江畔攀枝花钢铁工业基地的建设又是重中之重。他把攀枝花钢铁工业基地建设放在第一位,对它寄托着极大的希望。他说攀枝花搞不起来,我睡不着觉。

在党中央的号召下,数以万计的建设者潮水般涌进金沙江畔,和李身钊一样,一待就是一辈子。

李身钊:“相当艰苦的当时,一排房子有大概十几户,拿几个木头支一个房顶,上面全是油毡纸。两家人家中间就隔一个席子,这个席子还不到顶,这一家人打灯,那一家人都看得着。”

“三块石头架口锅,帐篷搭在山窝窝,天作罗帐地是床,野菜盐巴下干粮。”

“不想爹,不想妈,不想孩子不想家,不出铁水不回家。”

在没有城市依托、不通铁路、气候恶劣、物资奇缺的艰难条件下,三线建设者们无私地奉献着他们的才华和青春。

攀枝花,铁矿资源丰富,但这种钒钛磁铁矿,极难出铁。李身钊所在的实验组,经过1200多次试验,最终攻克了用普通高炉冶炼高钛型钒钛磁铁矿这一世界性技术难题。

1969年12月,周恩来代表党中央提出“七一出铁”的希望,极大鼓舞了攀枝花军民。建设者们克服各种困难,一年内,发电厂、选矿厂、焦化厂陆续投产,一号高炉全部安装完毕。

1970年7月1日,攀枝花出炉了第一炉铁水!

数十万建设者用了五年的时间,硬是依靠人力搬运成千上万吨的大型机械,终于在荒无人烟的不毛之地,建起现代化大型企业——四川攀枝花钢铁基地。

攀枝花,又称英雄树。1987年,攀枝花被正式命名为这个城市的名字。今天的攀枝花,依然是我国重要的工业之都。攀枝花开发建设史成为中国三线建设史令人瞩目的缩影!

三线建设历经三个“五年计划”,在崇山峻岭中相继建成成昆、湘黔、襄渝等铁路干线,贵州六盘水、四川宝鼎山等大型铁矿,甘肃刘家峡、湖北丹江口、葛洲坝等大型水电站;甘肃酒泉钢铁厂、重庆兵器工业基地、成都航空工业基地、西北航空航天工业基地、湖北十堰第二汽车制造厂等日后在国家经济建设中发挥重要作用的重点项目。三线建设决策之快、动员之广、规模之大、时间之长,在中华人民共和国建设史乃至整个世界工业建设史上堪称奇迹。

三线建设的实施,是推进我国现代化进程的重要步骤,对于提高国家的国防能力,对于改善我国国民经济布局,推进中西部落后地区的社会经济发展,具有重要意义。



 




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