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《百炼成钢:中国共产党的100年》第二十三集 千里跃进大别山

作者:武汉党史网管理员 发布时间:2021-05-08 来源:本站原创

《百炼成钢:中国共产党的100年》第二十三集 千里跃进大别山

这是一份1948年2月25日出版的《人民画报》。《人民画报》是晋冀鲁豫军区政治部出版的以摄影图片的方式报道国内外重要新闻事件的刊物,新中国成立后成为国家画报。

与以往不同的是,这一期《人民画报》出的是特大号——刘邓大军挺进大别山。

这张照片中的两位正是指挥这次行动的晋冀鲁豫野战军司令员刘伯承和政委邓小平,拍摄这张照片的1947年,刘伯承55岁,邓小平43岁,两人的年纪正好差一轮,都属龙。

毛泽东要的就是一支可以翻江倒海的军队。

1947年6月30日,刘邓大军一举突破黄河天险,发起鲁西南战役,歼敌6万余人。鲁西南战役刚刚结束,毛泽东就把目光投向战略价值更为重要的大别山。

大别山,不仅牵制国民党军的长江沿线,更对其指挥中枢造成直接压力。

1947年8月7日,根据毛泽东的部署,刘邓大军以锐不可当之势,提前开始千里跃进大别山的壮举。

从鲁西南到大别山,相隔千里,关隘重重,摆在刘邓大军面前的第一道难关,就是号称“死亡区”的黄泛区。

黄泛区遍地积水和淤泥,步兵、骑兵尚能涉水渡过黄泛区,但炮兵就困难了,能像这样人拉马驮蹚过去的重武器极少,大部分榴弹炮和卡车被就地炸毁。等部队渡过黄泛区,清理装备时才发现,多少年积攒下来的家当已经所剩无几。

蒋介石曾错误地认为刘邓大军是“北渡不成而南窜”,等刘邓闯过黄泛区,继而向汝河进军时,蒋介石才如梦方醒,他紧急调来军队驻守汝河南岸,阻击刘邓大军。

刘伯承就是在此时说出了那句著名的“狭路相逢,勇者胜!”他命令部队片刻不停,强渡汝河。所有的步枪都安上刺刀,每颗手榴弹都揭开盖,看到敌人就打,打完就往前插,不到24小时,刘邓大军共有4万多人渡过了汝河。

过了汝河还有淮河,8月的淮河正值雨季,刘邓大军缺少渡船,被阻北岸。邓小平后来回忆说:“过淮河,刘伯承去探河,水深在脖子下,刚刚可以过人。这就是机会呀!我们刚过完,水就涨了,就差那么一点点时间,运气好呀。真是天助我也!”

8月27日,刘邓大军经过20天的千里挺进,终于走到了大别山。

“刘邓大军真勇敢,渡河反攻鲁西南大捷,歼敌六七万,蒋介石正在手忙脚又乱,我们又挺进了大别山。”

这首军歌就是创作于这20天的行军路上。当时,一个电影拍摄小组也一路跟随刘邓大军,留下了为数不多却弥足珍贵的镜头。

消息传到陕北,毛泽东欣喜地说:“20多年来,革命一直处于防御地位,自刘邓南征后,我们的革命战争,才在历史上第一次转为战略进攻!”

在中央统一部署之下,陈毅、粟裕领导的华东野战军挺进豫皖苏,陈赓、谢富治兵团挺进豫西,刘邓大军扎根大别山,在黄河与长江之间形成“品”字形。加上西北野战军在陕北战场、华东野战军东线兵团在山东战场两翼钳制,整个战争格局从此发生根本转变。

很多年后,当有人问起这段经历,邓小平说:“这是一个了不起的战略行动,这是毛主席定下的,二野挑的是重担,种种艰难我们都克服了,完成了任务,还是那句老话,叫做合格。”

这张照片正好拍下了当时一个站岗的场景,1947年冬季的大别山,气温都在零度以下,这两个解放军战士还穿着单衣,为了御寒,他们一人披了一条被子,被子裹不到腿,于是下半身取暖的任务就只能交给稻草了。

谁能料想,正是这样一支连棉衣都没有的部队,仅仅两年以后,就在举世瞩目的淮海战场,取得决战的胜利。



 




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